Human Immunodeficiency Virus “HIV”

Let’s STOP the virus. Early detection and treatment save lives.

What is HIV?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)  is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help fight infections. If left untreated, HIV can weaken the immune system over time, making it harder for the body to fight off illnesses and infections. Without proper treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the most advanced stage of the virus, where the immune system is severely damaged.

How is HIV Transmitted?

HIV is primarily spread through the exchange of certain body fluids, including:

• Unprotected sex (vaginal, anal, or oral) with an infected partner
• Sharing needles or syringes with someone who has HIV
• From mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding (if not treated)
• Blood transfusions or organ transplants (though rare due to modern screening practices)

HIV is NOT transmitted through casual contact like hugging, sharing food, using public restrooms, or mosquito bites.

Main Signs and Symptoms of HIV

Many people with HIV do not experience symptoms right away. However, some may develop flu-like symptoms within 2-4 weeks after exposure, which may include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Sore throat
• Rash
• Muscle and joint pain
• Night sweats

As HIV progresses, the immune system weakens, making the body more vulnerable to opportunistic infections and more severe symptoms.

How to Prevent HIV

Protecting yourself and others from HIV is possible through the following methods:

• Practice Safe Sex  – Use condoms and dental dams consistently to reduce the risk of transmission.
• Take PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis)  – A daily medication that significantly reduces the risk of contracting HIV.
• Get Regular Testing  – Routine HIV testing helps with early detection and treatment.
• Avoid Sharing Needles  – Use sterile syringes and participate in needle exchange programs if necessary.
• Take PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis)  – A medication regimen that can help prevent infection if taken within 72 hours of potential exposure.
• If Pregnant, Get Tested and Treated  – With proper medical care, the risk of transmitting HIV to a baby can be greatly reduced.

HIV Drug Resistance:

HIV is a virus that can mutate over time, and some mutations may cause drug resistance. When this occurs, medications that once effectively controlled your viral load may become less effective. To reduce the risk of HIV drug resistance:

• Always take your medication as prescribed
• Discuss with your doctor treatment options that have a high barrier to resistance

Staying adherent to your treatment plan and maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider are key to ensuring the long-term effectiveness of your HIV management.

HIV is Manageable with Treatment

There is no cure for HIV, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) can help people with HIV live long and healthy lives by reducing the virus to undetectable levels. When HIV is undetectable, it is untransmittable (U=U), meaning it cannot be passed to sexual partners.

If you have any concerns about HIV, testing, or prevention, reach out to a healthcare provider for guidance and support. Early detection and treatment save lives.